Decision-making principles of choice architecture included in the scenario-based questionnaire
| Principle | Explanation |
| Anchoring bias | People tend to rely heavily on the first piece of information, or ‘anchor’, when making decisions. |
| Compromise effect | A less ‘attractive’ or less preferable choice increases the attractiveness of another, alternative choice. |
| Default effect | The ‘default’ is the result when no explicit decision for an alternative option is made. |
| Framing effect | People tend to prefer certainty in a gain frame (ie, saving lives) and uncertainty in a loss frame (ie, losing lives). |
| Habit formation | People tend to adhere to their routine activities and resolutions if they engage them on a regular basis. |
| Multiple alternatives bias | A multiplicity of options may lead to significant conflict and uncertainty, resulting in lack of a decision or a response of ‘I don’t know’ or ‘let me get another opinion’. |
| Relative risk bias | People tend to interpret relative risk differently when presented as percentages and when presented as ratios. People often interpret ratios more strongly than percentages. |
| Social norms | Rules or behaviours that are considered socially acceptable by a cohort or group. It is understood by all members of the group that they should abide by these norms. |